Date Published:
2019 Feb 08
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Authors:
Secondary:
J Neuroinflammation
Volume:
16
Pagination:
28
Issue:
1
PMID:
30736794
URL:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30736794
Keywords:
Adult;Animals;Apoptosis;Cells, Cultured;Corpus Callosum;Demyelinating Diseases;HIV Infections;Humans;Immunohistochemistry;Macrophage Activation;Mice;Mice, Inbred C57BL;Oligodendroglia;Semaphorins;White Matter
Abstract:
<p>BACKGROUND: Inappropriate contact between the immune system and the central nervous system is thought to be a cause of demyelination. We previously reported the ability of the class IV semaphorin, Semaphorin4A (Sema4A), to induce apoptosis in human oligodendrocytes; however, these results have yet to be translated to an in vivo setting. Importantly, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains a significant complication for patients on combined anti-retroviral therapy, with white matter damage seen on MRI.METHODS: Human cerebrospinal fluid and serum was assayed for Sema4A using a Sema4A-specific ELISA. Wild-type mice were injected with Sema4A via stereotaxic infusion. Data was assessed for significance using unpaired t tests, comparing the corpus callosum of PBS-injected mice versus Sema4A-injected mice.RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate elevated levels of Sema4A in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of people with HIV infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct injection of Sema4A into the corpus callosum of mice results in loss of myelin architecture and decreased myelin, concomitant with apoptosis of mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Sema4A injection also causes increased activation of microglia.CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data further establish Sema4A as a potentially significant mediator of demyelinating diseases and a direct connection between the immune system and oligodendrocytes.</p>